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Red Factor

Red Factor

Gene

Red factor is the recessive red allele (e) of MC1R, the cattle Extension gene. Recessive red caused by this allele needs two copies (e/e); black animals with one copy can produce e/e calves with another carrier. Registries mark known carriers, and dilution genes can lighten an e/e animal to yellow or white.

How Red Factor works

Cattle show Red Factor only with two copies. One copy makes a carrier, which looks normal but can pass Red Factor on.

Class
Recessive
One copy
Red factor carrier
Two copies
e/e (two red factor copies)
Symbol
e

What it looks like

Illustrations of typical animals, checked against the sources below. Not photos of DNA-tested animals.

A hornless black Angus cow with a short sleek coat standing in pasture.
Black (ED)A red factor carrier looks the same.
A hornless red Angus cow with a short sleek coat standing in pasture.
Recessive red (e/e)Two e copies give a red base coat.

Sources

Show all 13 sources

Cattle with Red Factor

Carriers

Recorded or possible carriers of Red Factor. This grouping does not predict their full appearance.

Quick facts

Guides & articles
36

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Red Factor Herdbook

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More Cattle Breeds

Each breed has its own page with listings, profiles, and breeders.

Guides & articles

Guides and articles for Red Factor cattle owners.

View all 36 guides

How Much Does a Cow Cost? Beef, Dairy, and Bottle Calf Prices in 2026

A cow costs more right now than at any point in history. In mid-2026, plan on roughly $2,500 to $3,500 for a commercial bred beef cow, $4,000 to $6,000 for a cow-calf pair, and $3,000 to $4,400 for a good dairy cow, with registered and top-end animals selling well above those ranges. Even a weaned […]

What to Feed Cattle: Forage, Hay, and Supplement Basics

Feed cattle forage first. Cattle are ruminants, built to turn grass and other forages into meat and milk, so the base of nearly every beef diet is grazed pasture in the growing season and conserved forage (hay, silage, or baleage) through winter. Everything else, protein and energy supplements, minerals, and grain, exists to fill the […]

Cow Gestation Chart: How Long Are Cows Pregnant, With a Calving Date Calculator

A cow is pregnant about 283 days (279 to 287). Our cow gestation chart turns a breeding date into an expected calving date, with breed differences.

Calf Growth Chart: Record Weights and Read the Trend

A calf growth chart is a dated series of actual or clearly labeled estimated weights tied to one animal ID. It can reveal a trend and guide a conversation with a veterinarian or nutrition adviser, but it cannot diagnose why growth changed. Start a cattle profile, then record each measurement consistently. The cattle breed index […]

How Long Do Cows Live? Cattle Lifespan on Farms and as Pets

There are two honest answers to “how long do cows live,” and most pages give only one. Cattle kept to old age live roughly 20 years, and the oldest cow ever verified reached 48 years and 9 months. Meanwhile the average dairy cow in the United States spends under three years in the milking herd, […]

Farm Website Privacy Checklist: Choose What Visitors Can See

A farm website should show the animals and information you intend to share. That requires checking both the animal’s Creatures privacy and the website’s display choices. Open the farm website builder, check animal privacy against the public, private, and reference animals guide, then review the site as a visitor. AI-generated illustration. Website visibility at a […]

Red Factor Tools

Calculators, generators, and guides preset for Red Factor cattle.

All 36 guides

Every cattle guide, grouped by topic.